Once Was Lost by Sara Zarr

Synopsis:
After her mother enters rehab and a neighbor girl goes missing, a pastor’s daughter has a crisis of faith.

Review:
Once Was Lost is yet another strong, character-driven young adult novel by Sara Zarr. I really like how she can tackle dark, complex issues without letting that darkness shroud her writing. You’re never attracted to the dark side in one of her books–you’re always longing for the characters to find the light.

As a pastor’s daughter, Samara faces challenges her peers don’t. She has to deal with the congregation scrutinizing her clothing to see what their offering money bought. She has a dad who turns it on for the world then retreats into a shell at home. And her mother buckled under the pressure of being a perfect pastor’s wife by collapsing into alcoholism. When the 13-year-old daughter of one of the church families goes missing, seemingly abducted, Samara can’t handle all the wrongness in her world.

Samara’s crisis of faith is believable and realistic, and was particularly compelling to me because I know the youth group/church culture of which Zarr writes so well. And as an adult Christian with a strong interest in the present-day church in America, I couldn’t help but mentally pick on her father as just the sort of theologically ungrounded pastor who better wonder just how many sheep he might be leading astray. He made me very thankful for my own pastor, and his wife.

Many thanks to Little, Brown for the review copy.

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Christianish: What If We’re Not Really Following Jesus at All? by Mark Steele

Synopsis:
An examination of a bunch of different ways that Christians get Christianity wrong.

Review:
Mark Steele’s heart is firmly in the right place, and he’s a fantastic writer, making for two excellent reasons to check out Christianish. He uses funny and insightful anecdotes from his own life to show the different ways that Christians allow their practice of faith to turn sinful. He speaks eloquently about arrogance, greed (what he calls Christian obesity) and worldliness, among others. His critique is right on.

I do have an issue with the book, and it’s a big ‘un. At no point does Steele offer the Gospel message. He does an outstanding job telling believers how their faith has gone wrong, but the corrective he offers is just an exhortation to try harder to be more like Jesus. I wish he had taken one chapter to tell his readers the Gospel, because believers need to hear it, too. You don’t get past your sins by trying harder. The only way to find freedom is to hear and believe the Gospel: that Christ lived the life that we could not, died the death that we should have, and rose again to reign at the right hand of God the Father, where He intercedes on behalf of those who believe in Him, that we may share His victory over sin and death and worship God forever. Amen.

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Live Deeply and Live Relationally

Synopsis:
Two Bible study guides, one on the parables and the other on the women of the Bible.

Review:
Live Deeply and Live Relationally are part of the Fresh Life series of Bible studies.

Set up to take about 20 minutes a day, these studies are inductive in nature and take you through Bible passages in order to deepen your understanding of the Bible. They present historical context and make ample use of cross-references. They look to be educational in nature, as opposed to therapeutic, and seem grounded in orthodox theology.

I’m Bible study challenged during this season of my life, but I’m going to give Live Relationally a try. Superfast Toddler may not let me set aside 20 minutes every single day, but I’m guessing that the women of the Bible will prove such good company that I’ll look forward to whatever time I can spend with them.

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Jesus and Justice by Peter Goodwin Hetzel

Synopsis:
Subtitled “Evangelicals, Race, and American Politics,” an overview of the history of 20th-21st century evangelicalism as it moved from ignoring race to embracing the Christology of Martin Luther King, Jr.

Review:
In Jesus and Justice, author Peter Goodwin Hetzel writes an incredibly detailed history of Focus on the Family, Sojourners, and the National Association of Evangelicals, among others. He also presents a thorough examination of Martin Luther King Jr.’s theology, which was a topic I’d never really explored before. I knew that King was a gifted speaker, but I didn’t realize the extent to which he was a deep intellectual and theologian. In doing so, Hetzel aims to awaken modern white evangelicals to the necessity of embracing the legacy of black evangelicalism in order to effect real change in the world. He writes:

It is what is specifically Christian within black evangelicalism that can help a white evangelical modernity break out of its whiteness and its modernism circumscribed by racial and colonial logics. And insofar as black and white evangelicalism do not make this break, insofar as evangelicals modernity’s racial imagination cannot be perforated and displaced by the fullness of the reality of Jesus of Nazareth, who is the bearer of God’s covenant with the people of Israel, to that same extent such interrogations of black Christianity and evangelicalism remain trapped within, not liberated from, the colonial gaze.

Earlier, he cites the individualism endemic in most evangelical theology as the greatest hindrance to widespread evangelical engagement with larger cultural issues like race, class, and stewardship of the earth. I agree wholeheartedly with his critique, even though I’m lukewarm towards Sojourners, the group he sees as most embodying the new evangelicalism. Hetzel’s book reminds me most of Paul’s exhortation to the Colossians not to allow their own cultural distinctions to supersede their identity as Christians. I believe he offers a great roadmap to those American Christians who wish to bridge the racial divide in a way that pays fitting tribute to the tragedies and triumphs of America’s racial history.

But because my recent reading of Christless Christianity is so fresh in my mind, I can’t get past Michael Horton’s evisceration of the works-oriented theology at the heart of Jim Wallis’s emphasis on “deeds, not creeds.” Horton convincingly argues that the church is not called to “live the gospel” but rather to preach the gospel and administer the sacraments. Jesus is not someone that we are to emulate; rather, he is the Savior we are to worship.

Hetzel’s picture of Sojourners is quite different from Horton’s, and I get the feeling that the reason might be theological–Calvinist vs. Wesleyan, perhaps? Honestly, I think they’re both right–if Calvinism works the way the Reformed say it does, and if Sojourners’s mission is what Hetzel says it is. And the book makes it clear that Hetzel’s vision is about so much more than just “WWJD.” I would love to see his vision come true.

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Christless Christianity by Michael Horton

Synopsis:
An examination and critique of the current state of Christianity in America, which shows the pervasive influences of Pelagianism and Gnosticism–these heresies are closer than you think.

Review:
Michael Horton had me at “Joel Osteen.” I was blown away by the incisiveness of Christless Christianity, a stunning work that made me so, so thankful to be attending a church deeply rooted in Reformation orthopraxis.

The first section of the book deals with the prosperity gospel, looking at Osteen and others of his ilk who preach that God wants good things for you, but who never mention Jesus or the cross in any of their sermons. Horton shows that the “easy” road that these teachers proclaim is actually just another form of legalism. All you have to do to live the good life is to follow God and be a good person. God helps those who help themselves. The onus of salvation rests squarely on our shoulders. God does not come down to us; we build a stairway to him. This is Pelagianism, which says that we must play a part in our own redemption. The reformers (Calvin and Luther, etcetera) countered this heresy by preaching that salvation is by grace alone–we do nothing.

The second section of the book delves into the Emergent church and public spokesmen like Jim Wallis and Rick Warren, those who preach that churches are to take up where Jesus left off, and continue to redeem the world. This is the “living gospel” or “deed without creed.” Horton explains how these teachings betray Gnostic tendencies that elevate human beings above God.

Even more important in this section was Horton’s depiction of the church as a place where believers come to be served by God through the sacraments and the Word. Too often the modern church becomes another workplace, with believers encouraged to throw themselves into ministry. In fact, church itself is hardly necessary at all. Just go and “live the gospel.” The sacraments become “means of commitment” rather than “means of grace.” Here again, we find a legalistic gospel that says that our works are the most important thing in the salvation equation.

Horton emphatically states that believers need to receive the Word and the sacraments, out of which will flow worship and service. Too many churches get it the wrong way round, saying that we need to get our hearts right with God on our own. He writes,

The church has a very narrow commission. It is not called to be an alternative neighborhood, circle of friends, political action committee, or public service agency; it is called to deliver Christ so clearly and fully that believers are prepared to be salt and light in the worldly stations to which God has called them. Why should a person go through all the trouble of belonging to a church and showing up each Sunday if God is the passive receiver and we are the active giver?

…Not only once upon a time, on a hill far away, but each week the Son of God comes to serve us. We may protest. We may think that it is we who need to serve God rather than vice versa. Nevertheless, Jesus tells us as he told Peter that this is actually an insult, a form of pride. We are the ones who need to be bathed, clothed, and fed, not God.

…the main purpose of singing in church is not to express our inner experience, piety and zeal but to serve each other by making ‘the word of Christ dwell in you richly, teaching and admonishing one another in all wisdom, singing psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, with thankfulness in your hearts to God” (Col. 3:16)… Pastors and teachers are not cruise director who provide venues for everyone to channel all of their gifts and energies to the church, but they are deliverers of the message of Christ.

So much good news here!

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How to Raise a Modern-Day Joseph by Linda Massey Weddle

Synopsis:
A guide for parents for Bible study activities from age 2 through the teenage years, centered around Biblical knowledge and moral character.

Review:
I thought that How to Raise a Modern-Day Joseph had some good ideas for educational activities for parents, but after reading Christless Christianity I read it with a much more critical eye. Modern-Day Joseph does contain the semi-Pelagian notions that we “make a decision for Christ” and that just doesn’t fly with Reformed (read Calvinist) me anymore.

What I thought was so interesting was her use of Joseph’s parents, Jacob and Rachel (and by extension Leah). Though Joseph was raised by very fallen people, nevertheless he loved the Lord and sought to serve him with his life. She does acknowledge that God had something to do with this, yet the whole book is riddled with the notion that parents are responsible for creating these modern-day Josephs.

Linda Massey Weddle raises an important question: “Why do so many children raised in evangelical churches leave the faith?” Like so many, unfortunately, her fundamental assumption is that it’s because we haven’t tried hard enough. Michael Horton’s book shows a deeper problem–children are leaving the faith because the churches never taught it to begin with.

Assumptions aside, I do think that this book has a lot to offer. Her methodology offers a big-picture plan for teaching the Word to children and teenagers–and by extension back to parents. She also has good insights into developmental stages. I don’t think I will use this book myself with Superfast Toddler–we will use the Westminster Shorter Catechism as our guide–but I think it’s a worthwhile resource.

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So You Don’t Want to Go to Church Anymore by Wayne Jacobsen and Dave Coleman

Synopsis:
A pastor facing a spiritual crisis receives counsel from a man who may be St. John.

Review:
So You Don’t Want to Go to Church Anymore has a lot of great insights into the crippling effect that the legalism of religious obligation can have on anyone’s faith. I was with the book for the first two-thirds, nodding my head in agreement as John enlightens Pastor Jake about seeking life and salvation from God, not from rituals like Sunday morning worship or weekly Bible study. Jacobsen and Coleman’s critique hits square at the heart of big churches offering a gazillion programs, and those worshippers who think that activity is the goal of life in Christ.

Ultimately, I felt like their theology did not take the reader deep enough. The last third of the book contains John’s ideas about the life of the body (and therefore the authors). Basically, believers should seek intimacy and fellowship whenever even two or three are gathered together. Agreed. But then he goes on to imply that out of these casual get togethers, true church will arise. The authors have John break bread and pour wine in an allusion to the Eucharist, without actually administering the sacraments. And here is where they lost me. The Eucharist, or Holy Communion, is more than just an activity–it’s a sacred act that cannot be taken alone and that must be presided over by an ordained minister of the Gospel.

Through John, the authors suggest that priests aren’t necessary, that any believer can act as a priest to another. It’s best not to ordain anyone. I disagree with this completetly. Jacobsen and Coleman fail to engage with the rich theology of the royal priesthood, as prefigured by the Levites and Melchizidek, and as realized in Christ then passed on to his followers. The priest (or minister or reverend or pastor) is more than just a leader. He is called to stand in for Christ, and this happens most transcendentally at the communion table.

Furthermore, it’s a bit cavalier to suggest that spiritual growth will necessarily be stunted by structure. Sure, ritual can become obligation, and obedience turn into legalism. But the distortion of sin doesn’t mitigate the rightness of the forms that God has given us. Just like we can’t make Christ anyone we want him to be, but have to look back to the foundation laid out in the Old Testament for reference, we also need to look back to the way that God established worship in the OT to understand how we are to practice our faith now. God has altered the terms–the blood of Christ, not animal sacrifice–but the essential forms remain. We come to his temple to bring our sacrifice of worship. Why? Because God is holy.

Lastly, I think that this book suffers under the same error that permeates contemporary Christianity, that feelings are the best indicator of spiritual health. Feelings are fickle. We’re told that we will know we are abiding in Christ by the fruits of the spirit–love, joy, peace, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control. These are not feelings, they are actions pointed out into the world. I don’t deny that feelings are powerful and worth dealing with, but as a friend of mine once put it, a believer should look inward only to repent.

It’s a fine balance. As I mentioned at the top this book does make a lot of good points about spiritual deadness. It just doesn’t get all the way to an answer.

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Grace Based Parenting by Dr. Tim Kimmel

Synopsis:
A parenting book that looks at the bigger picture of raising adults, not children.

Review:
Grace Based Parenting really resonated with me. I’ve been a bit frustrated as I read about parenting, because it seems like everything has to be a method, a program, or a way of life. I have really been searching for a framework in which to carve out my own path with Superfast Baby, and this book gave me just that.

Dr. Kimmel is a youth pastor, and I have to admit that I almost didn’t read this book for that reason alone. However, I’m glad I got past my prejudices against the book’s Evangelical* trappings because the lessons here are sound to the core.

Dr. Kimmel breaks things down into three (it’s always three) things kids need, and four freedoms that families should offer.

Kids need:

  • Strength
  • Security
  • Significance

Families should offer:

  • Freedom to be different
  • Freedom to be candid
  • Freedom to be vulnerable
  • Freedom to make mistakes

There is so much wisdom in this book. What I like is that you can use these guidelines within a a reasonable spectrum of parenting styles, and that you’ll be protected from some of the more extreme forms of legalism or permissiveness.

The book is geared towards Christians, but I think that these concepts would apply no matter your family’s belief system. Good stuff.

*I am one of those Evangelicals who wishes there weren’t so many buttheads in our number–or maybe I’m just carrying a ton of baggage because none of the boys in youth group ever asked me out.

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Real Sex by Lauren Winner

Synopsis:
An exploration of the meaning of chastity in the 21st century.

Review:
Real Sex is an excellent companion piece to Anna Broadway’s Sexless in the City. Winner offers a larger cultural and historical context for Broadway’s desire to live chastely, and has some ideas about why Broadway expresses some disappointment in the way she has been taught by the church to think about sex.

Winner’s analysis is thoughtful and well-researched, and is worth reading even by those who don’t hold the same beliefs in the importance of chastity as Winner.

The Shaming of the Strong by Sarah Williams

Synopsis:
Told their unborn child has birth defects that will likely lead to stillbirth, a couple decide to see the pregnancy through to term.

Review:
I am a sucker for stories like those found in The Shaming of the Strong. When I was pregnant with Superfast Baby I thought a lot about what I would do if I found out that something was wrong, and I hoped that I would be strong enough to make the choice that Sarah Williams made, however painful it might be. I decided not to have any testing done during pregnancy so that I wouldn’t be faced with that decision. Having suffered a miscarriage before getting pregnant with Superfast Baby, my heart goes out to all mothers whose pregnancies take a painful turn.

I actually found it hard to read this book. What Sarah Williams experienced as she carried her child to term and delivered a stillborn baby was so painful to me as a mother that I just didn’t want to get too close. It is just too easy to put myself in her shoes, and I found that I did not want to go there with her. The book was given to me by a dear friend who also had a miscarriage, and she found it very healing. I can definitely see why, and I am sure that I will return to this book in the future.

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